Top-Level Domain (TLD)

What is a Top-level Domain?

A top-level domain is the segment of a domain that immediately follows the last dot symbol in a domain name. It has the highest level in the hierarchical Domain Name System of the Internet. 

For example, for app.ahrefs.com, com is the top-level domain, ahrefs is the second level and app is third-level. 

Each top-level domain is managed by an independent organization under the guidance of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). There are four types of top-level domains, which include: 

  1. Generic Top-Level Domains (gTLD) are the most popular type of domain extension. They contain three or more characters and are open for registration by anyone. The three most common generic top-level domains are .com, .org and .net.
  2. In 2011, ICANN changed the domain name system, which expanded the original gTLDs from 22 to over 1,200. The update to the naming system allowed for more innovative generic extensions such as .agency or even .beer.

  3. Country-code Top-Level Domains (ccTLD) are specific to particular countries or regions, and they typically identify the country or region’s official internet address. For example, .uk is the ccTLD for the United Kingdom. 
  4. Sponsored Top-Level Domains (sTLD) are top-level domains designated for specific purposes, such as education .edu or government organizations .gov. These top-level domains typically require eligibility to register them.
  5. Infrastructure Top-Level Domains category has only one domain and it’s exclusively used for Internet-infrastructure purposes. The top-level domain name is .arpa which stands for Address and Routing Parameter Area.

Are Top-level domains important for SEO?

Yes, top-level domains are important for SEO, but keywords in your top-level domain will not improve rankings. In general, top-level domains specific to a country or region (ccTLDs) tend to rank better in local search results than generic top-level domains (gTLDs).

In addition, there are some top-level domains (such as .xyz, .cn, or .biz) associated with spam and black hat SEO tactics. These can negatively impact the trust and reliability of users visiting your site. 

Best practices for choosing the TLD

1. Go for .com, .org, or .net as a bulletproof solution

As a general rule of thumb, when choosing your website’s domain, choose .com, .org, or .net as the top-level domain. According to Statistsa, these three are the most common TLDs as of January 2022 and will safely meet every visitor’s expectations. 

2. Be careful with ccTLDs when getting creative

When getting creative with your website’s top-level domain, be careful with ccTLDs. Some websites may choose a gTLD that’s actually a registered country-code top-level domain. For example, .li in paper.li is technically the country top-level domain for Liechtenstein. 

If the website isn’t targeting that country, it could affect ranking factors or cause problems for your website. However, Google treats some ccTLDs (such as .io and .fm) as gTLDs since users and website owners see these as more generic than country-targeted. 

3. Go for ccTLDs when targeting a specific country

According to Google, ccTLD’s strongly signal to users and search engines that your site is targeting a specific country. From an SEO perspective, ccTLD’s are a great opportunity to help signal to Google the best target audience for the page.

FAQs

How many TLDs are there?

As of January 2022, there are 1590 top-level domains currently in use. This number constantly changes as new top-level domains are released and others expire. You can find the complete list of TLD’s on ICANN’s Root Zone Database.

What are the most popular TLDs?

The top five popular top-level domains are .com, .ru, .org, .net and .in. These top-level domains are popular for general organisations and businesses. They are recognised worldwide and open to any registrant. 

What is the difference between a domain name and a top-level domain?

The domain name is the address of your website. It consists of numbers and words connected by dots. When users put your domain name into the browser URL, they can visit your website. A top-level domain is the last segment of your domain name and helps classify your website’s intent.